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Control and Eradication Strategies
1. Disease awareness, early detection and notification, are
pre-requisites of effective control programs aimed at
eradication of the infection in poultry. Biosecurity is an
essential part of the control of avian influenza and must be
given due importance in planning of control measures .
Cooperation with the national stakeholders in poultry
production will be important, as will efficient implementation
and effective monitoring through the veterinary services.
2. Stamping out is the preferred control option for an
outbreak of HPAI and should be used on all flocks exhibiting
clinical disease. It has been highly effective in controlling
confined outbreaks of HPAI where there is limited spread and
low risk of re-introduction. The issue of adequate and timely
compensation must be addressed in planning programs involving
stamping-out. There is no justification to recommend the
systematic elimination of wildlife or swine for the management
of HPAI outbreaks.
3. Recognising that it may not be either desirable or feasible
to proceed with massive culling in some situations,
vaccination is considered a suitable option. The rationale
behind this is that vaccination reduces susceptibility to
infection and shedding (both in duration and in titre) and is
therefore an appropriate tool to reduce the incidence of new
cases and viral load in the environment, and thus is expected
to contribute to other measures to reduce the potential for
spread to humans.
4. The use of vaccination must be seen as a tool to maximise
biosecurity, be coupled to surveillance to promptly detect any
change in virus properties (antigenic change), and must be
carried out with appropriate products manufactured and quality
controlled to ensure compliance with international standards
as referred in the OIE Manual of Standards.
5. Vaccination can be used either as a tool to support
eradication or as a tool to control the disease and reduce the
viral load in the environment. Controlling the disease through
vaccination may be a prelude to eradication. The appropriate
management of a vaccination campaign under the control of the
veterinary administration is compatible with international
trade, if it is in compliance with the OIE Terrestrial Animal
Health Code. Stamping-out and vaccination are not mutually
exclusive, and the mix or sequence of measures may differ
between production systems and stages of a control program.
Vaccination should be used in a strategic manner, with careful
consideration to choice of target groups and areas based on
the outcome decided by the national authorities.
6. The requirements for implementing emergency vaccination and
the subsequent monitoring of impact should be quickly
established and feasibility assessed. Vaccine manufacturers
have the capability to respond to the emergency once an
estimation of the requirements is available.
7. The "Differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals"
(DIVA) approach is recommended either through an appropriate
diagnostic test and/or with the use of sentinel birds. Only
inactivated heterologous or homologous vaccines are the
candidates for emergency use.
FAO
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