Corporate Farming
Corporate farming or corporate greed?
The
remedy our government is proposing--under the trade
liberalisation regime--is to hand over our food production to
TNCs. In other words, if our farmers cannot afford to eat
bread, why don't they eat cakes?
By Dr Abid Qaiyum Suleri
The federal cabinet approved the introduction of Corporate
Agriculture Farming (CAF) in Pakistan last week, despite
warnings from NGOs and Advisor to President on Food,
Agriculture and Livestock that this would hurt small farmers
(with an exception to a few large landholders, about 94
percent farmers in Pakistan are small landowners and tenants)
and diminish national food security.
Under the terms of the new CAF policy, there will be no
ceiling on the size of corporate farms. CAF would be declared
an industry and would enjoy the credit and other facilities
but would be exempted from labour laws thus threatening the
livelihood of farm workers. This paves the way for: (1)
wealthy landlords which have been hurt by land reforms to form
corporations and regain their old advantages; and (2)
trans-national agribusiness corporations (TNCs) to buy out or
place under contract small farmers no longer able to compete.
There will be no duties on equipment imported for purposes of
CAF. This will advantage the corporate farms and will also
assist the TNCs which vend the expensive equipment needed for
intensive animal farming and other forms of corporate
agriculture. All of this will promote monocultural production
of cash crops for export, and would give TNCs an opportunity
to cultivate genetically modified crops, at the expense of
agro-biodiversity and local food security. At the same time,
profit-hungry investors will extract the fruits of the land
and labour without regard for equity or sustainability.
And this is not all. According to the CAF broacher designed
and distributed by Board of Investment, 100% foreign equity is
allowed; no minimum foreign investment is required, remittance
of capital, profits, and dividends is allowed, exemption of
duty on transfer of lands for CAF is under consideration, and
all banks and financial institutions will earmark separate
credit share for CAF.
The authors of CAF plan have ensured that each and every
source of livelihood for subsistence farmers and poor is
privatised. The activities that may be carried out under CAF
plan include farming, food processing, food packaging,
production and marketing of mutton, processing and packaging
of milk, deep sea fishing and its processing, animal feed
production and marketing and many more. Would it not establish
the monopoly of few TNCs on all food sources? Do we want to
deprive our people from easily available, fresh and cheap
food? What would happen to small fishermen when the corporate
fishers would bring their (import-duty free) trollers?
It is fairly easy to assess the impact of CAF on small
farmers. Agricultural corporatisation and exports increases
single commodity harvests. With all farmers growing the same
commodity over large areas, the prices farmers receive from
their crops come down, while the costs of inputs which are
imported have been on an upward increase. As a result,
farmers' profit margins get drastically narrowed. As cost of
production increases, farmers experience a cost-price squeeze.
In this process, only the larger farms can survive and
subsistence farmers would not be able to compete with
multinational giants. They would have to sell their farms
either out of compulsion, or due to the influence and threat
of the investors. One can recall the stories of small farmers
of Raiwind, who resisted selling their lands to Mian Nawaz
Sharif's family.
To give CAF a legal cover, and to waive off the upper ceiling
of land holding, the Land Reform Act of 1977 is being amended.
It would revert, whatsoever was achieved out of land reforms
to date. As no minimum foreign investment is required, feudal
lords and the capitalists would be back and lives of tenants
would be miserable. The plight of state tenants at military
farms of Okara, Sargodha, Multan, and Lahore and those of at
agriculture department controlled research stations in
Khanewal and Kala Shah Kakoo, is evident under the proposed
CAF. They would have to surrender their tenancy rights and
abandon those lands.
It reminds me of General Musharaf's pre-referendum promises
that state lands would be distributed among landless and
tenants. President's referendum speeches may be termed as
political and non-binding statements, but what about the
international commitments to halve hunger by year 2015, and to
ensure food sovereignty and food security. Would we be able to
claim being a food sovereign state when the decisions of what
to grow, where to grow, and how much to grow would be done by
TNCs dealing in CAF?
Federal Minister for Food, Agriculture and Livestock, who is a
big proponent of CAF, and latest technologies including
genetically modified food production technologies, committed
two weeks ago in FAO's World Food Summit 2002, Rome, that
Government of Pakistan would firmly anchor the national
policies for hunger reduction in the poverty reduction
strategies. However, it seems that government, in pursuit, of
corporate interests, has betrayed the poor and marginalised
the communities of Pakistan. There may be development but it
would certainly not be pro-poor development. Consequently, the
phenomenon of hunger would keep on increasing.
CAF is plainly backing out from our international commitments.
Pakistan is a signatory of United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertification (UNCCD), and in "National Report of Pakistan
on the Implementation of UNCCD" submitted in April 2002 to
UNCCD Secretariat, GoP reports, "Government has a plan
regarding redistribution of assets, especially state-owned
land. It can have a major impact on poverty reduction efforts
in rural Pakistan. The government has launched a programme of
accelerated distribution of state-owned land to small farmers.
The distribution of about three million acres of available
land will be fully supported with the provision of
infrastructure and all other possible inputs to combat
desertification and rural poverty". One wonders where are the
three million acres of state land that government has
committed to distribute among small farmers to eradicate
poverty. Does it not show that government is not sticking to
its international commitments for the welfare and betterment
of the poor?
Government claims that CAF is being introduced as the small
farmers of Pakistan are unable to adapt new technologies and
cannot afford the costly inputs required to get optimum yield
from new crop varieties. Let us assume that it is true, but
can we deny the fact that traditionally, agriculture has not
been just an economic activity but it has been a way of life
and farmer's socio-cultural values are emotionally attached
with agriculture? We blindly adopted "Green Revolution" and
found that it was unsustainable. Not only did it play havoc
with our renewable natural resources, but it deteriorated our
environment as well. At societal level it led the rural
communities to loose subsistence agriculture as well as their
socio-cultural values.
It is now widely recognised that latest farming technologies
have benefited few of the big landlords and, particularly,
corporations involved in agribusiness. As a result, rest of
the farmers are gradually loosing their hold on agriculture
due to the fact that they cannot afford increasing costs of
modern inputs to compete. And we are blaming them of being
inefficient. The remedy our government is proposing-under the
trade liberalisation regime-is to hand over our food
production to TNCs. In other words, if our farmers cannot
afford to eat bread, why don't they eat cakes?
Corporate greed for profit from renewable natural resources
would lead to growing food insecurity and prove to be the last
nail in the coffin of subsistence farmers already economically
hard pressed. With all these facts CAF plan of GoP seems to be
unrealistic. If President of Pakistan cannot listen to what
masses say, then he should try to listen to his special
advisor on agriculture and member, National Security Council
Shafi Niaz, who opposed this CAF plan in the cabinet meeting.
Courtesy The News
|
Pakissan.com;
|