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All About/Crops
SunFlower
Soils
Sunflower is a temperate zone crop, but because of its high adaptability is grown in a wide range of climates. It can be grown between 400S and 550N. although for practical purposes sunflower is considered a day-neutral or incentive plant, short and long-day types have also been identified. The highest yields are obtained at up to 1500 m elevation. Sunflower requires 120 frost-free days; although it can tolerate temperatures from 8-340C, the optimum temperature is considered to be 20-250C. In Pakistan, sunflower can be grown throughout the country on irrigated as well as rainfed lands. The most suitable areas for sunflower production are Peshawar, Mardan, Swat, and Haripur in NWFP; Rawalpindi, Gujart, Sialkot, Lahore, Sheikhupura, Kasur, Sahiwal, Multan, Vehari, Bahawalpur, Rahimyr Khan, Okara, and Sargodha in Punjab; Thatta, Badin, Hyderabad, Nawabshah, Mirpurkhas, and Sukkar in Sindh; and Lasbela, Qalat, and Khuzdar in Balochistan. At present, about 77 and 22% of the total cropped area is in Punjab and Sindh, respectively. Sunflower thrives on nearly all soils - including clayey and sandy- provided they are well-drained. Acidic soils are not desirable for sunflower production, though it can tolerate a pH range from 7.5-8.0. Salinity affects germination, plant growth and development, and seed composition.
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