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All About/Crops
SunFlower
History
and economic importance
Sunflower probably originated in the southwestern United States, or some-where in Mexico, where it was used in many forms. It was introduced to Europe in the 16th century and imported into Russia from Holland in the 18th century (Weiss 1983:402). As a cultivated plant, improved varieties were reintroduced into the USA from Russia in 1893. In Pakistan, sunflower was first introduced as an oilseed crop in 1960's. Extensive research work on different aspects of this crop has continued since 1964. In 1970-71, about 666 and 4 hectares of sunflower were grown in Punjab and Sindh, respectively, with a total production of 482 tonnes. In 1987-88, the area under sunflower increased to 33,122 ha in Punjab, 9648 ha in Sindh, and 342 ha in NWFP, with a total production of 42,531 tonnes. On average, of the total tonnage, 76% is produced in Punjab, 21% in Sindh, and 3% in NWFP. The increase in area under sunflower has not been constant; rather, very drastic fluctuations took place during this period. For example, in NWFP in 1982-83 a maximum of 2750 ha were planted with sunflower, which gradually decreased to 71 ha in 1986-87. Although the area has been increased by several times, no major crop has been disturbed or replaced. Sunflower has been accommodated between the two major crops in a cotton and rice-based cropping system, or on summer-fallow lands. Moreover, sunflower has shown good intercropping compatibility with other crops. The extraction of oil and processing by the present industry in the country and even at the village level by the farmer has further increased the prospects for sunflower production.
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